190E-AND2-DB25C-KN現(xiàn)貨
功能表圖(Sepuential Function Chart)程序設(shè)計(jì)語言
功能表圖程序設(shè)計(jì)語言是用功能表圖來描述程序的一種程序設(shè)計(jì)語言。它是近年來發(fā)展起來的一種程序設(shè)計(jì)語言。采用功能表圖的描述,控制系統(tǒng)被分為若干個(gè)子系統(tǒng),從功能入手,使系統(tǒng)的操作具有明確的含義,便于設(shè)計(jì)人員和操作人員設(shè)計(jì)思想的溝通,便于程序的分工設(shè)計(jì)和檢查調(diào)試。
功能表圖程序設(shè)計(jì)語言的特點(diǎn)是:
?。ǎ保┮怨δ転橹骶€,條理清楚,便于對程序操作的理解和溝通;
(2)對大型的程序,可分工設(shè)計(jì),采用較為靈活的程序結(jié)構(gòu),可節(jié)省程序設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間和調(diào)試時(shí)間;
(3)常用于系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模校大,程序關(guān)系較復(fù)雜的場合;
(4)只有在活動步的命令和操作被執(zhí)行,對活動步后的轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)行掃描,因此,整個(gè)程序的掃描時(shí)間較其他程序編制的程序掃描時(shí)間要大大縮短。
功能表圖來源于佩特利(Petri)網(wǎng),由于它具有圖形表達(dá)方式,能較簡單和清楚地描述并發(fā)系統(tǒng)和復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的所有現(xiàn)象,并能對系統(tǒng)中存有的象死鎖、不等反?,F(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析和建模,在模型的基礎(chǔ)上能直接編程,所以,得到了文泛的應(yīng)用。近幾年推出的可編程控制器和小型集散控制系統(tǒng)中也已提供了采用功能表圖描述語言進(jìn)行編程的軟件。關(guān)于佩特利(Petri)網(wǎng)的一些基本概念,我在以后有機(jī)會時(shí)再介紹給各位,以有助于對功能表圖的進(jìn)一步理解。
對市場而言,西門子系列plc一直在中國占主導(dǎo)地位,占有率更是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了三菱和歐姆龍,雖然羅克韋爾的plc在近幾年市場占有率上升得很快,但是暫時(shí)還是不能撼動西門子在國內(nèi)市場的霸主地位?!?】據(jù)市場反映,西門子plc具有抗干擾能力強(qiáng),穩(wěn)定性高,通訊能力好,軟件編程方便,組態(tài)軟件連接容易等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但普遍缺點(diǎn)是價(jià)格比較貴,所以按照全plc的發(fā)展趨勢來看,西門子plc的發(fā)展趨勢應(yīng)該是體積進(jìn)一步減少,成本進(jìn)一步降低來適應(yīng)工廠空間和市場需求。【4】【13】
對大多數(shù)控制器來說,系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部有自帶的算法,如常見的PID算法,只要設(shè)置好參數(shù)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)一般的PID控制器功能。這樣大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率和設(shè)備成本。
二.
人機(jī)界面(Human Machine Interaction,簡稱HMI),又稱用戶界面或使用者界面,是人與計(jì)算機(jī)之間傳遞、交換信息的媒介和對話接口,是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。是系統(tǒng)和用戶之間進(jìn)行交互和信息交換的媒介,它實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的內(nèi)部形式與人類可以接受形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。凡參與人機(jī)信息交流的領(lǐng)域都存在著人機(jī)界面。【5】
傳統(tǒng)的工廠監(jiān)控用的是人力來監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)哪一部分出現(xiàn)問題然后著手解決,這樣的話控制系統(tǒng)每一部分都要安排一部分人每天不停監(jiān)控,測量設(shè)備內(nèi)部是否出現(xiàn)問題,這樣大大浪費(fèi)了人力資源和時(shí)間而且必須是系統(tǒng)出了問題才能檢測得到,這樣對工廠的生產(chǎn)有巨大的影響。
為了解決這樣的問題人機(jī)界面軟件應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,人機(jī)界面能通過變量連接在線檢測變量的變化趨勢而描繪出變量變化趨勢圖,人們只需要在監(jiān)控室里面監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)變量的變化趨勢是否觸及報(bào)警線而提前對系統(tǒng)故障進(jìn)行應(yīng)對。而且人機(jī)界面具有在線監(jiān)控,故障報(bào)警,數(shù)據(jù)歸檔等功能對過程變量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行存儲,對往后控
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